monosodium glutamate
MSG (monosodium glutamate) is used to boost palatability. Neurotoxicity findings mostly come from injecting newborn animals or very high doses, so risk at typical food levels is low. However, it has no nutritional purpose for pets and adds sodium, so pets with heart or kidney problems are better off limiting it.
Other common names: MSG, sodium glutamate, 味精, 谷氨酸鈉, グルタミン酸ナトリウム
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Sources: ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine, veterinary literature.
For reference only, not medical advice. If poisoning is suspected, seek veterinary care immediately.